/**
*  1/19/05 (A. Gonzalez) Chapter No., Book No. and Title Added
*  6/20/05 Modified: (J. Lucca) Removed frames from quizzes.
*  7/7/05 Modified: (J. Lucca)
*     Can turn off HISTOGRAM and randomize_questions on any ch##.htm page
*     by setting them here to false. Both default to true in quiz.js.
*  12/1/05 Modified: (J. Lucca)
*     Can turn off histogram SECTIONS and/or TYPES on any ch##.htm page
*     by setting them here to false. Both default to true in quiz.js.
*/

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// HISTOGRAM AND RANDOMIZE OPTIONAL SETTINGS
//    Can turn off per quiz or leave defaults (as set in quiz.js) as false.
//      randomize_questions=true; HISTOGRAM=true; SECTIONS=true; TYPES=true;
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
HISTOGRAM = false
SECTIONS = false
TYPES = false

/**
* Required settings for all Gradebooks:
*    chapter_no, book_no, book_title
*
* Required when HISTOGRAM = true:
*    At least a section_title[] with its matching q#section for each question
*    or a type_title[] with its matching q#type for each question.
*    Without at least one of these you won't get any histograms.
*/

// ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// BEGIN PASTE - Paste any existing quiz javascript questions
//               between this comment and one just like it near bottom of page
// ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////


// General settings
var chapter_no = "14";
var book_no = "28441";
var book_title = "Archaeology, 5e.";
quiz_name = "Chapter Quiz";
var confirm = "http://www.thamesandhudsonusa.com/web/archaeology/5e/thankyou.htm";
number_answers = new Array(5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2);

var number_questions = number_answers.length;


// HISTOGRAM SECTIONS: All histograms need sections.
section_title = new Array()
section_title[1] = "";                                        
section_title[2] = ""; 

// HISTOGRAM TYPES: A histogram needs types/categories
type_title = new Array()
type_title[1] = "";        
type_title[2] = "";
type_title[3] = "";

q1 = "Many nations believe it is their government's to have clear policies with regard to the conservation of the archaeological record.  In the United States, protective legislation is organized under the rubric of ";
q1a = "Geographic Information Systems (GIS). ";
q1b = "Cultural Resource Management (CRM). ";
q1c = "Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA). ";
q1d = "National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). ";
q1e = "Historic Environment Record (HER). ";
q1answer = "b";
q1review = "See Conservation and Destruction, p. 558 .";

q2 = "CRM is the safeguarding of the archaeological heritage through the protection of sites and through salvage archaeology (or rescue archaeology), generally within the framework of legislation designed to protect the past. CRM stands for";
q2a = "cultural resource methodology.";
q2b = "cultural resource manner.";
q2c = "cultural resource management.";
q2d = "cultural resource managing.";
q2e = "cultural resource methods.";
q2answer = "c";
q2review = "See The Rise of CRM in the United States, p. 558.";

q3 = "The use of selective archaeological evidence to promulgate non-scientific fictional accounts of the past is";
q3a = "pseudo-archaeology.";
q3b = "selective archaeology.";
q3c = "incredible archaeology.";
q3d = "fantastic archaeology.";
q3e = "alien archaeology.";
q3answer = "a";
q3review = "See Archaeology on the Fringe, p. 572.";

q4 = "Which of these is <u>not</u> an example of destruction caused by religious extremism, often responsible for many acts of desecration of cultural heritage?";
q4a = "The Bamiyan Buddhas, Afghanistan";
q4b = "Babri Masjid Mosque at Ayodyha, India";
q4c = "Joseph's Tomb, Nablus";
q4d = "Sip&#225n, Peru";
q4e = "The Bridge at Mostar, Former Yugoslavia";
q4answer = "d";
q4review = "See The Politics of Destruction: The Bamiyan Buddhas, p. 547.";

q5 = "The marbles removed by Lord Elgin from the Parthenon in Athens are the best known examples of";
q5a = "the issues concerning the restitution of cultural property.";
q5b = "marble statuary from the 8<sup>th</sup> century BC.";
q5c = "yard art.";
q5d = "the ineffectual use of firmans in the Ottoman period.";
q5e = "none of the above";
q5answer = "a";
q5review = "See Museums and the Return of Cultural Property, p. 549.";

q6 = "The failure of the coalition forces to protect the Iraqi National Museum in Baghdad was all the more shocking because";
q6a = "there was nothing in the museum to rob.";
q6b = "archaeologists from the US and Britain met with government officials before the war to warn them of potential looting at museums and sites in Iraq.";
q6c = "Iraqi archaeologists and museum professionals helped with the looting.";
q6d = "both the US and Britain were signatories of the 1954 Hague Convention.";
q6e = "both the US and Britain publicly pledged to protect the museum.";
q6answer = "b";
q6review = "See The Fortunes of War, p. 550.";

q7 = "Ian Hodder has pointed out that the speed, range, and low cost of __________ have created new possibilities for the public to participate in archaeology.";
q7a = "newspapers.";
q7b = "international tourism.";
q7c = "the internet.";
q7d = "academic publishing.";
q7e = "television.";
q7answer = "c";
q7review = "See Internet Archaeology pp. 574-75.";

q8 = "The Australian Archaeological Association has undertaken a number of repatriations of Aboriginal human remains. Most recently the first skeleton found at Lake Mungo, the world's oldest known ________________ (26,000 BP) was returned to the Aborigines.";
q8a = "male";
q8b = "female";
q8c = "cremation";
q8d = "dog and human burial";
q8e = "deliberate burial";
q8answer = "c";
q8review = "See The Australian Aborigines, p. 552.";

q9 = "The archaeological program at ____________ is an excellent example of archaeologists working closely with the local community. The local stakeholders are consulted every step of the way and some are trained in archaeology, though no archaeological permits are currently being approved by the tribal council.";
q9a = "Chaco Canyon";
q9b = "Zuni Pueblo";
q9c = "Crow Canyon";
q9d = "Jorvik Viking Center";
q9e = "Wounded Knee";
q9answer = "b";
q9review = "See The Native Americans, p. 553.";

q10 = "Increasing tourism at sites like ______________, which attracts some 300,000 visitors per year, has had a serious effect on preservation and poses risk of permanent damage to the site.";
q10a = "Chaco Canyon";
q10b = "Crow Canyon";
q10c = "Zuni Pueblo";
q10d = "Jorvik Viking Center";
q10e = "Machu Picchu";
q10answer = "e";
q10review = "See Making the Past Pay, p. 555.";

q11 = "The aim of the multidisciplinary applied archaeology program around Lake Titicaca in Peru and Bolivia was to";
q11a = "reintroduce ancient agricultural practices. ";
q11b = "investigate nomadism. ";
q11c = "excavate an urban settlement. ";
q11d = "investigate the rise of complex societies. ";
q11e = "excavate stratified burials. ";
q11answer = "a";
q11review = "See Applied Archaeology: Raised Fields in Peru, pp. 556-57.";

q12 = "Sometimes damage or destruction to a site cannot be prevented. In this case a policy of ______________ is adopted, partially excavating or at least recording a site before it vanishes completely.";
q12a = "least-effort archaeology";
q12b = "clear-cut archaeology";
q12c = "last-chance archaeology";
q12d = "salvage archaeology";
q12e = "half-baked archaeology";
q12answer = "d";
q12review = "See Conservation and Destruction, p. 558.";

q13 = "Which of these is <u>not</u> an agent of destruction of archaeological sites?";
q13a = "Tourism";
q13b = "Agriculture";
q13c = "Development";
q13d = "Looting";
q13e = "Conservation";
q13answer = "e";
q13review = "See Conservation and Destruction, p. 558.";

q14 = "The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 established the basis for Cultural Resource Management (CRM) and required that agencies of the US Government consider the _________________ of their actions.";
q14a = "environmental impact.";
q14b = "social repercussions.";
q14c = "political consequences.";
q14d = "archaeological destructiveness.";
q14e = "historical impact.";
q14answer = "a";
q14review = "See The Rise of CRM in the United States, p. 558.";

q15 = "Peter Watson's book <i>The Medici Conspiracy</i> outlines the events that lead the Italian Government to bring criminal charges against the former curator of __________ for trafficking in illicit antiquities.";
q15a = "The Boston Museum of Fine Arts.";
q15b = "The British Museum.";
q15c = "The Metropolitan Museum of Art.";
q15d = "The Getty Museum.";
q15e = "The National Museum of Italy.";
q15answer = "d";
q15review = "See ''Collectors Are The Real Looters'' pp. 568-69.";

q16 = "Fraud in archaeology takes many forms.  For example, in 2004, the ____________ Archaeological Association declared that all of the 168 archaeological sites that a particular researcher had dug had been faked after the researcher admitted to faking numerous artifacts, several of which were illustrated in an earlier volume of this book.";
q16a = "Bosnian";
q16b = "Japanese";
q16c = "British";
q16d = "Peruvian";
q16e = "Korean";
q16answer = "b";
q16review = "Fraud in Archaeology, p. 573.";

q17 = "In England the primary means of protecting archaeological sites and monuments is through __________________";
q17a = "community action.";
q17b = "excavation.";
q17c = "scheduling.";
q17d = "development.";
q17e = "the UNESCO world heritage list.";
q17answer = "c";
q17review = "See Damage by Developers, p. 562.";

q18 = "In the American Southwest ___________________ of the Classic Mimbres (AD 1000-1130) sites has occurred on a scale unequaled anywhere around the world.";
q18a = "archaeological excavation";
q18b = "looting";
q18c = "ethno-tourism";
q18d = "erosion";
q18e = "conservation";
q18answer = "b";
q18review = "See Destruction and Response: Mimbres, p. 566.";

q19 = "In Egypt many monuments are crumbling through a combination of _________ in the building stone and ___________ from the ground.";
q19a = "salt, moisture";
q19b = "salt, insects";
q19c = "lime, insects";
q19d = "lime, moisture";
q19e = "lime, salt";
q19answer = "a";
q19review = "See Care of Protected Sites, p. 567.";

q20 = " Some of the reasons for the appallingly low rate of publication of archaeological sites are";
q20a = "that some archaeologists are lazy.";
q20b = "there is no money for publication.";
q20c = "archaeologists prefer to dig new sites.";
q20d = "a and b only";
q20e = "a, b andc ";
q20answer = "e";
q20review = "See Publish or be Damned, p. 571, 573 .";

q21 = " One of the most enduring myths in archaeology is that of";
q21a = "Big Foot.";
q21b = "Lost Atlantis.";
q21c = "aliens building the pyramids.";
q21d = "King Tut.";
q21e = "none of the above";
q21answer = "b";
q21review = "See Archaeology at the Fringe, p. 576.";

q22 = "Fraud in archaeology is nothing new and takes many forms. Some examples of fraud include _____________________";
q22a = "artifacts discovered by Shinichi Fujimura.";
q22b = "Piltdown Man.";
q22c = "Glozel.";
q22d = "a, b and c";
q22e = "b and c only";
q22answer = "d";
q22review = "See Fraud in Archaeology, p. 573.";

q23 = "The Great Temple project in Mexico brought to light one of the most remarkable archaeological sites in Mexico. In addition to the architectural remains was a series of offerings to the temples' two gods. Among the offerings were";
q23a = "stone bowls.";
q23b = "flint knives.";
q23c = "feather headdresses.";
q23d = "basalt votives.";
q23e = "a jaguar skeleton.";
q23answer = "e";
q23review = "See Conservation in Mexico City: The Great Temple of the Aztecs, pp. 564-65.";

q24 = "Controversy and a legal battle still surround the bones of _____________, found a few years ago in Washington State. Eight prominent anthropologists have sued the Army Corps of Engineers, which has jurisdiction over the bones, for permission to study the bones. The Corps wants to return the bones to the local Native Americans for reburial.";
q24a = "&#59tzi";
q24b = "King Tutankhamun";
q24c = "Kennewick Man";
q24d = "Piltdown Man";
q24e = "The Bog Body";
q24answer = "c";
q24review = "See The Native Americans, p. 553 .";

q25 = "The heritage industry has become big business, and at times is part of the entertainment industry. The success of sites like __________________ has stimulated the development of other 'time capsule' experiences, not all of them as carefully researched or authentic.";
q25a = "Jorvik Viking center";
q25b = "Masada, Israel";
q25c = "the Valley of the Kings";
q25d = "Machu Picchu";
q25e = "Sipan, Peru";
q25answer = "a";
q25review = "See Making the Past Pay, p. 555 .";

q26 = "In Israel, archaeology is used to serve the cause of national ideology. The site of Masada where Jewish Zealots chose mass suicide rather than surrender to the Roman forces is a symbol of Israeli defiance and pride.";
q26a = "True"
q26b = "False"
q26answer = "a";
q26review = "See Nationalism and its Symbols, p. 546.";

q27 = "Many Egyptian royal tombs escaped looting completely, both in antiquity and more modern times.";
q27a = "True"
q27b = "False"
q27answer = "b";
q27review = "See Excavating Burials: should we disturb the dead? p. 551.";

q28 = "In 1991 the Australian Archaeological Association adopted a code of ethics that acknowledges members' obligations to respect and consult with living people.";
q28a = "True"
q28b = "False"
q28answer = "a";
q28review = "See The Australian Aborigines, p. 552.";

q29 = "The Chumash Indians of California prefer to see ancient human remains destroyed 'in accordance with nature's law' than to have other people interfere with them.";
q29a = "True"
q29b = "False"
q29answer = "a";
q29review = "See The American Indians, p. 553.";

q30 = "The French Abbey of Cluny, demolished in 1793, has been brought back to life through computer technology. By wearing a virtual reality helmet it is possible to walk through the interior electronically.";
q30a = "True"
q30b = "False"
q30answer = "a";
q30review = "See Making the Past Pay, p. 555.";

q31 = "Medical specialists claim that the high incidence of ear canal pathologies in the skeletons of ancient Aborigines can help pinpoint cases of chronic middle ear infections in modern Aborigine children.";
q31a = "True"
q31b = "False"
q31answer = "a";
q31review = "See From Building Lessons to the History of Disease, pp. 557-58."; 

q32 = "In the past two decades Museum Studies has become a well-established and complex discipline.";
q32a = "True"
q32b = "False"
q32answer = "a";
q32review = "See Who Interprets and Presents the Past, p. 571.";

q33 = " In Britain, English Heritage advises the relevant government department on sites worthy of protection only on public property.";
q33a = "True"
q33b = "False"
q33answer = "b";
q33review = "See Britain and Denmark, p. 559.";

q34 = "According to Colin Renfrew and Paul Bahn, collectors are ultimately responsible for the looting of archaeological sites, which is the main threat to the world's archaeological heritage. ";
q34a = "True"
q34b = "False"
q34answer = "a";
q34review = "See Collectors are the Real Looters, pp. 568-69.";

q35 = "Archaeologists do not have a duty to the general public to explain what they are doing.";
q35a = "True"
q35b = "False"
q35answer = "b";
q35review = "See Archaeoology and Public Understanding, p. 571.";