/**
*  1/19/05 (A. Gonzalez) Chapter No., Book No. and Title Added
*  6/20/05 Modified: (J. Lucca) Removed frames from quizzes.
*  7/7/05 Modified: (J. Lucca)
*     Can turn off HISTOGRAM and randomize_questions on any ch##.htm page
*     by setting them here to false. Both default to true in quiz.js.
*  12/1/05 Modified: (J. Lucca)
*     Can turn off histogram SECTIONS and/or TYPES on any ch##.htm page
*     by setting them here to false. Both default to true in quiz.js.
*/

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// HISTOGRAM AND RANDOMIZE OPTIONAL SETTINGS
//    Can turn off per quiz or leave defaults (as set in quiz.js) as false.
//      randomize_questions=true; HISTOGRAM=true; SECTIONS=true; TYPES=true;
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
HISTOGRAM = false
SECTIONS = false
TYPES = false

/**
* Required settings for all Gradebooks:
*    chapter_no, book_no, book_title
*
* Required when HISTOGRAM = true:
*    At least a section_title[] with its matching q#section for each question
*    or a type_title[] with its matching q#type for each question.
*    Without at least one of these you won't get any histograms.
*/

// ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// BEGIN PASTE - Paste any existing quiz javascript questions
//               between this comment and one just like it near bottom of page
// ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////


// General settings
var chapter_no = "01";
var book_no = "28441";
var book_title = "Archaeology, 5e.";
quiz_name = "Chapter Quiz";
var confirm = "http://www.thamesandhudsonusa.com/web/archaeology/5e/thankyou.htm";
number_answers = new Array(5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2);

var number_questions = number_answers.length;


// HISTOGRAM SECTIONS: All histograms need sections.
section_title = new Array()
section_title[1] = "";                                        
section_title[2] = ""; 

// HISTOGRAM TYPES: A histogram needs types/categories
type_title = new Array()
type_title[1] = "";        
type_title[2] = "";
type_title[3] = "";

q1 = "According to the then-standard interpretation of the Bible, in the 19<sup>th</sup> century people believed the world was created in what year?";
q1a = "4004 BC";
q1b = "3000 BC";
q1c = "AD 60";
q1d = " 2506 BC ";
q1e = "none of the above";
q1answer = "a";
q1review = "See The History of Archaeology, p.21.";

q2 = "Which historical figure completed excavations and housed his finds in a museum?";
q2a = "Herod";
q2b = "Xerxes";
q2c = "Nabonidus ";
q2d = "Hesiod";
q2e = "Alexander";
q2answer = "c";
q2review = "See The Speculative Phase, p.22.";

q3 = "Who formed the first cabinets of curiosities?";
q3a = "Sigmund Freud";
q3b = "Renaissance princes";
q3c = "Sir John Soane";
q3d = "the Aztecs";
q3e = "none of the above";
q3answer = "b";
q3review = "See The Speculative Phase, p.22.";

q4 = "Who conducted the first scientific excavation?";
q4a = "Thomas Jefferson";
q4b = "Napoleon";
q4c = "William Stukeley";
q4d = "Nabonidus";
q4e = "Richard Colt Hoare";
q4answer = "a";
q4review = "See The First Excavations, p.23.";

q5 = "During the 20th century the first excavations at Pompeii below the ground level of the AD 79 volcanic eruption were carried out by";
q5a = "Alfred Kidder";
q5b = "Sir Mortimer Wheeler";
q5c = "Amedeo Mairui";
q5d = "Giuseppe Fiorelli";
q5e = "none of the above";
q5answer = "c";
q5review = "See Pompeii: Archaeology Past and Present, pp. 24-5.";

q6 = "The dimensions of the Villa of the Papyri at which site were followed by J. Paul Getty in the construction of his museum at Malibu, California?";
q6a = "Ccedil;atalh&ouml;y&uuml;k";
q6b = "Pompeii";
q6c = "Thebes";
q6d = "Troy";
q6e = "none of the above";
q6answer = "b";
q6review = "See Pompeii: Archaeology Past and Present, pp. 24-5.";

q7 = "In what year did Vesuvius erupt, burying Pompeii under layers of volcanic ash and Herculaneum in volcanic mud?";
q7a = "AD 84";
q7b = "AD 79";
q7c = "AD 40";
q7d = "AD 160";
q7e = "84 BC";
q7answer = "b";
q7review = "See Pompeii: Archaeology Past and Present, pp. 24-5.";

q8 = "Which one of these scripts was on the Rosetta Stone?";
q8a = "Akkadian";
q8b = "Hebrew";
q8c = "Greek";
q8d = "Aramaic";
q8e = "Arabic";
q8answer = "c";
q8review = "See Discovering the Early Civilizations, p.29, 32.";

q9 = "Who produced the superbly illustrated books on the Maya in the 1840s after a visit to Mexico?";
q9a = "Samuel Haven";
q9b = "Tatiana Proskouriakoff";
q9c = "Catherwood and Stephens";
q9d = "Edward Tylor ";
q9e = "Powell and Holmes";
q9answer = "c";
q9review = "See Discovering the Early Civilizations, p.29, 32.";


q10 = "Who was the author of <i>Ancient Society</i> (1877), a work which strongly influenced Marx?";
q10a = "Edward Tylor";
q10b = "Julian Steward";
q10c = "General Pitt-Rivers";
q10d = "Lewis Henry Morgan";
q10e = "none of the above";
q10answer = "d";
q10review = "See Ethnography and Archaeology, p.29.";

q11 = "The final decipherment of cuneiform by Henry Rawlinson took place in the";
q11a = "1850s.";
q11b = "1820s.";
q11c = "1930s.";
q11d = "1860s.";
q11e = "1880s.";
q11answer = "a";
q11review = "See Discovering the Early Civilizations, p.29, 32.";

q12 = "Who were some of the key figures in the development of a sound methodology of scientific archaeology in the late 19<sup>th</sup> century?";
q12a = "General Pitt-Rivers and Dorothy Garrod";
q12b = "Dorothy Garrod and William Flinders Petrie";
q12c = "William Flinders Petrie and General Pitt-Rivers";
q12d = "all of the above";
q12e = "none of the above";
q12answer = "d";
q12review = "See The Development of Field Techniques, pp.33-5.";

q13 = "Scientific archaeology in South America owes much to which archaeologist?";
q13a = "Max Uhle ";
q13b = "Alfred Maudslay";
q13c = "William Flinders Petrie";
q13d = "Leonard Woolley";
q13e = "Alfred Kidder";
q13answer = "a";
q13review = "See The Development of Field Techniques, pp.33-5.";

q14 = "Which early 20th century archaeologist, the author of &quot;Man Makes Himself,&quot; was influenced by Russia's Marxist Revolution ?";
q14a = "Gordon Childe";
q14b = "Alfred Kidder";
q14c = "Max Uhle";
q14d = "Flinders Petrie";
q14e = "Leonard Woolley";
q14answer = "a";
q14review = "See Classification and Consolidation, pp.32; 37.";

q15 = "Where was Grahame Clark&#146;s landmark archaeological investigation in the 1950s, demonstrating how much information could be gleaned from what appeared to be an unpromising site?";
q15a = "Peru";
q15b = "Star Carr";
q15c = "Mt. Carmel";
q15d = "The Fenlands";
q15e = "London";
q15answer = "b";
q15review = "See The Ecological Approach, p.36-7.";

q16 = "What was invented in 1949 by the American chemist Willard Libby?";
q16a = "dendrochronology";
q16b = "radiocarbon dating";
q16c = "tree-ring dating";
q16d = "trace-element analysis";
q16e = "none of the above";
q16answer = "b";
q16review = "See Rise of Archaeological Science, p.37.";

q17 = "Who were some of the women pioneers in the early days of archaeology?";
q17a = "Dorothy Garrod";
q17b = "Mary Leakey";
q17c = "Tatiana Proskouriakoff";
q17d = "all of the above";
q17e = "only a and b";
q17answer = "d";
q17review = "See Women Pioneers of Archaeology, pp.38-9.";

q18 = "Pioneers of the well-focused research design included:";
q18a = "Robert Braidwood.";
q18b = "Robert Adams.";
q18c = "Kent Flannery and Joyce Marcus.";
q18d = "Louis and Mary Leakey.";
q18e = "all of the above";
q18answer = "e";
q18review = "See World Archaeology, pp.41-2.";

q19 = "As part of the postprocessual movement Ian Hodder and his Cambridge students stressed the influential argument that:";
q19a = "there is no single correct way to make archaeological inference.";
q19b = "the goal of objectivity is unattainable.";
q19c = "our interpretation of the past involves choices that depend on the feelings and opinions of the researchers.";
q19d = "a and b";
q19e = "b and c";
q19answer = "d";
q19review = "See Beginning the New Millennium, p.43.";

q20 = "With whom did Archaeologists John Mulvaney and Rhys Jones stood shoulder to shoulder to prevent the destruction of cultural heritage?";
q20a = "Native Americans";
q20b = "Inuit of Greenland";
q20c = "Australian Aborigines";
q20d = "The British Government";
q20e = "The Modern Maya";
q20answer = "c";
q20review = "See The Living Past, p.43.";

q21 = "What is androcentrism?";
q21a = "male bias";
q21b = "the hatred of males";
q21c = "the study of males";
q21d = "male archaeology";
q21e = "none of the above";
q21answer = "a";
q21review = "See The Widening Field: Globalization, p.45.";

q22 = "Who are some of the interest groups involved in the anthropological project at &Ccedil;atalh&ouml;y&uuml;k?";
q22a = "local community";
q22b = "goddess worshippers";
q22c = "fashion designers";
q22d = "foreign tourists";
q22e = "all of the above";
q22answer = "e";
q22review = "See Interpretive Archaeologies at &Ccedil;atalh&ouml;y&uuml;k, pp.46-7.";

q23 = "Which excavator of &Ccedil;atalh&ouml;y&uuml;k is famous for his engagement with a variety of groups with interest in the site?";
q23a = "Ian Hodder";
q23b = "James Mellaart";
q23c = "Dorothy Garrod";
q23d = "Michael Shanks";
q23e = "Leonard Woolley";
q23answer = "a";
q23review = "See Interpretive Archaeologies at &Ccedil;atalh&ouml;y&uuml;k, pp.46-7.";

q24 = "One of the positive aspects of the archaeology of the 1990s was";
q24a = "a realization that cultural heritage is an important part of the human environment.";
q24b = "archaeologists have an important role to play in achieving a balanced view of our present world based on an examination of the past.";
q24c = "the task of interpretation is more complex than originally thought.";
q24d = "all of the above";
q24e = "only a and c";
q24answer = "d";
q24review = "See The Widening Field: Globalization, pp.48-50.";

q25 = "Introduced by James Hutton and reaffirmed by Charles Lyell, uniformitarianism is the principle that";
q25a = "similar environments produce similar organisms.";
q25b = "processes at work in the past have to be the same as processes observable in the present.";
q25c = "archaeological artifacts that resemble modern tools probably functioned in the same manner.";
q25d = "archaeologically similar periods (Bronze Age, Iron Age) have similar characteristics of social organization.";
q25e = "none of the above";
q25answer = "b";
q25review = "See The Beginnings of Modern Archaeology, p.26.";

q26 = "One of the first to argue that the &#147;Moundbuilders&#148; were in fact ancestors of living Native American Indians was:";
q26a = "Ephraim Squier";
q26b = "Caleb Atwater";
q26c = "Samuel Haven";
q26d = "Charles Darwin";
q26e = "C. J. Thomsen";
q26answer = "c";
q26review = "See North American Archaeological Pioneers, pp.30-1.";

q27 = "In North America, the influential anthropologist Julian Steward emphasized the importance of environmental adaptation in cultural change. This approach was termed";
q27a = "environmentalism.";
q27b = "cultural ecology.";
q27c = "eco-archaeology.";
q27d = "diffusionism.";
q27e = "processualism.";
q27answer = "b";
q27review = "See The Ecological Approach, p.36.";

q28 = "______________ is a classification system devised by C. J. Thomsen, for the sequence of technological periods (stone, bronze, and iron) in Old World prehistory. It established the principle that by classifying artifacts, one could produce chronological ordering.";
q28a = "Uniformitarianism";
q28b = "the Three Age system";
q28c = "cultural ecology";
q28d = "processualism";
q28e = "classification system";
q28answer = "b";
q28review = "See The Three Age System, p.28.";

q29 = "Evolution, associated with Charles Darwin and highly influential on many other thinkers (such as Karl Marx, Oscar Montelius and others), also set the groundwork for the study of";
q29a = "geology.";
q29b = "artifact typology.";
q29c = "biblical topography.";
q29d = "all of the above";
q29e = "none of the above";
q29answer = "b";
q29review = "See The Three Age System, p.28.";

q30 = "Contradicting the prevailing wisdom of the time, excavations led by ____________ at Great Zimbabwe (1929) confirmed that the site was of indigenous African origin.";
q30a = "Louis Leakey";
q30b = "Gertrude Caton-Thompson";
q30c = "Harriet Boyd Hawes";
q30d = "Kathleen Kenyon";
q30e = "none of the above";
q30answer = "b";
q30review = "See Women Pioneers of Archaeology, pp.38-9.";

q31 = "Giuseppe Fiorelli used plaster of Paris to fill the cavities left by decayed bodies at Pompeii.";
q31a = "True";
q31b = "False";
q31answer = "a";
q31review = "See Pompeii: Archaeology Past and Present, pp.24-5.";

q32 = "The antiquity of humankind proved that the biblical flood occurred.";
q32a = "True";
q32b = "False";
q32answer = "b";
q32review = "See The Antiquity of Humankind, p.26.";

q33 = "Mary Leakey was a cigar-smoking, whisky-drinking archaeologist.";
q33a = "True";
q33b = "False";
q33answer = "a";
q33review = "See Women Pioneers of Archaeology, pp.38-9.";

q34 = "<i>The Evolution of Culture</i> by Leslie White and Julian Steward strongly influenced the postprocessualists.";
q34a = "True";
q34b = "False";
q34answer = "b";
q34review = "See Evolution: Darwin's Great Idea, p.27.";

q35 = "Napoleon deciphered Egyptian hieroglyphic writing.";
q35a = "True";
q35b = "False";
q35answer = "b";
q35review = "See Discovering the Early Civilizations, p.29.";

q36 = "Samuel Haven argued that there was a probable link between Native Americans and the Asiatic races.";
q36a = "True";
q36b = "False";
q36answer = "a";
q36review = "North American Archaeological Pioneers, pp.30-1.";

q37 = "Like anthropologist Julian Steward, British archaeologist Grahame Clark broke away from the dependence on artifacts of the cultural-historical approach and argued for the multi-disciplinary efforts of specialists to understand plant and animal remains.";
q37a = "True";
q37b = "False";
q37answer = "a";
q37review = "North American Archaeological Pioneers, pp.30-1.";

q38 = "The age of epic heroes was one of the stages envisioned by Hesiod.";
q38a = "True";
q38b = "False";
q38answer = "a";
q38review = "See The Speculative Phase, p.22.";

q39 = "Discoveries made by Louis and Mary Leakey indicate that our earliest ancestors date to only a few thousand years earlier than recognized at the beginning of the 20<sup>th</sup> century.";
q39a = "True";
q39b = "False";
q39answer = "b";
q39review = "The Search for Origins, p.42.";

q40 = "The hermeneutic view rejects the attempts toward generalization.";
q40a = "True";
q40b = "False";
q40answer = "a";
q40review = "See Interpretive or Postprocessual Archaeologies, p.44.";